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Compare Haiti (2002) - Antigua and Barbuda (2001)

Compare Haiti (2002) z Antigua and Barbuda (2001)

 Haiti (2002)Antigua and Barbuda (2001)
 HaitiAntigua and Barbuda
Administrative divisions 9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand 'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
Age structure 0-14 years: 39.5% (male 1,414,052; female 1,377,693)


15-64 years: 56.3% (male 1,924,867; female 2,049,952)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 142,657; female 154,501) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
27.97% (male 9,527; female 9,203)

15-64 years:
67.15% (male 22,450; female 22,519)

65 years and over:
4.88% (male 1,360; female 1,911) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
Airports 12 (2001) 3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 6 (2002)
total:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 27,750 sq km


land: 27,560 sq km


water: 190 sq km
total:
442 sq km (Antigua 281 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)

land:
442 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Redonda
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The native Arawak Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Columbus in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island - Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first black republic to declare its independence in 1804. Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history since then, and it is now one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. Over three decades of dictatorship followed by military rule ended in 1990 when Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was elected president. Most of his term was usurped by a military takeover, but he was able to return to office in 1994 and oversee the installation of a close associate to the presidency in 1996. ARISTIDE won a second term as president in 2000, and took office early in 2001. However, a political crisis stemming from fraudulent legislative elections in 2000 has not yet been resolved. The islands of Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981. Some 3,000 refugees fleeing a volcanic eruption on nearby Montserrat have settled in Antigua and Barbuda since 1995.
Birth rate 31.42 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 19.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $273 million


expenditures: $361 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est.)
revenues:
$122.6 million

expenditures:
$141.2 million, including capital expenditures of $17.3 million (1997 est.)
Capital Port-au-Prince Saint John's
Climate tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 1,771 km 153 km
Constitution approved March 1987; suspended June 1988, with most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to be observing the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October 1994 1 November 1981
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Haiti


conventional short form: Haiti


local long form: Republique d'Haiti


local short form: Haiti
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Antigua and Barbuda
Currency gourde (HTG) East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate 14.88 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 5.87 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.2 billion (1999) (1999) $357 million (1998)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roger NORIEGA


embassy: 5 Harry S Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince


mailing address: P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince


telephone: [509] 222-0354, 222-0269, 222-0200, 222-0327


FAX: [509] 223-1641, 222-0200, extension 460
the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda (embassy closed 30 June 1994); the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chief of Mission Harry Frantz LEO


chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090


FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
chief of mission:
Ambassador Lionel Alexander HURST

chancery:
3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016

telephone:
[1] (202) 362-5211

FAX:
[1] (202) 362-5225

consulate(s) general:
Miami
Disputes - international claims US-administered Navassa Island none
Economic aid - recipient $730.6 million (1995) (1995) $2.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview About 80% of the population lives in abject poverty. Nearly 70% of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming and employs about two-thirds of the economically active work force. The country has experienced little job creation since the former President PREVAL took office in February 1996, although the informal economy is growing. Following legislative elections in May 2000, fraught with irregularities, international donors - including the US and EU - suspended almost all aid to Haiti. The economy shrank an estimated 1.2% in 2001, and the contraction will likely intensify in 2002 unless a political agreement with donors is reached and aid restored. Tourism continues to be the dominant activity in the economy accounting directly or indirectly for more than half of GDP. The budding offshore financial sector has been seriously hurt by financial sanctions imposed by the US and UK as a result of the loosening of its money-laundering controls. The government has made efforts to comply with international demands in order to get the sanctions lifted. Antigua and Barbuda was listed as a tax haven by the OECD in 2000. The dual island nation's agricultural production is mainly directed to the domestic market; the sector is constrained by the limited water supply and labor shortages that reflect the pull of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for about one-third of all tourist arrivals.
Electricity - consumption 485.46 million kWh (2000) 88.4 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 522 million kWh (2000) 95 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 69%


hydro: 31%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Boggy Peak 402 m
Environment - current issues extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups black 95%, mulatto and white 5% black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Exchange rates gourdes per US dollar - 26.674 (January 2002), 26.339 (2001), 22.524 (2000), 17.965 (1999), 16.505 (1998), 17.311 (1997) East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Yvon NEPTUNE (since 4 March 2002); note - former Prime Minister CHERESTAL resigned in January 2002


cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly


election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since NA 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister Lester Bryant BIRD (since 8 March 1994)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; prime minister appointed by the governor general
Exports $326.6 million f.o.b. (2001) $38 million (1998)
Exports - commodities manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%
Exports - partners US 90%, EU 6% (2000) OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September 1 April - 31 March
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength) red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band
GDP purchasing power parity - $12 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $533 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 30%


industry: 20%


services: 50% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
4%

industry:
12.5%

services:
83.5% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $8,200 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -1.2% (2001 est.) 4.6% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 00 N, 72 25 W 17 03 N, 61 48 W
Geography - note shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic) -
Highways total: 4,160 km


paved: 1,011 km


unpaved: 3,149 km (1996)
total:
1,165 km

paved:
384 km

unpaved:
781 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a drug-money-laundering center
Imports $977.5 million c.i.f. (2001) $330 million (1998)
Imports - commodities food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
Imports - partners US 60%, EU 10.5%, Dominican Republic 3.7% (2000) US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%
Independence 1 January 1804 (from France) 1 November 1981 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 0.6% (1997 est.) 6% (1997 est.)
Industries sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
Infant mortality rate 93.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 22.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 14% (2001 est.) 1.6% (1999 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, Caricom, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) 16 (2000)
Irrigated land 750 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Labor force 3.6 million (1995)


note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2001) (1995)
30,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9% commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983)
Land boundaries total: 360 km


border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 20.32%


permanent crops: 12.7%


other: 66.98% (1998 est.)
arable land:
18%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
11%

other:
62% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), Creole (official) English (official), local dialects
Legal system based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law
Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; seven seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, MOCHRENA 3, PLB 2, OPL 1, vacant 1, other minor parties and independents 3
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 9 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ALP 12, UPP 4, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 49.55 years


male: 47.88 years


female: 51.29 years (2002 est.)
total population:
70.74 years

male:
68.45 years

female:
73.14 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 45%


male: 48%


female: 42.2% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling

total population:
89%

male:
90%

female:
88% (1960 est.)
Location Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: to depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total:
681 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,070,390 GRT/5,289,904 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 15, cargo 424, chemical tanker 10, combination bulk 4, container 176, liquefied gas 4, multi-functional large-load carrier 6, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 29

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 2, Germany 4, Slovenia 2 (2000 est.)
Military branches Haitian National Police (HNP)


note: the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished
Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (includes Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $50 million (FY00) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.3% (FY00) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,691,585 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 919,275 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 87,049 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 1 January (1804) Independence Day, 1 November (1981)
Nationality noun: Haitian(s)


adjective: Haitian
noun:
Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)

adjective:
Antiguan, Barbudan
Natural hazards lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
Natural resources bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Net migration rate -2.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -6.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor Benoit] composed of the following parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM, National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004, and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE]; National Cooperative Action Movement or MKN [Volrick Remy JOSEPH]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans PAUL and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate or PLB [Renaud BERNARDIN]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES] Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)
Political pressure groups and leaders Autonomous Haitian Workers or CATH; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
Population 7,063,722


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
66,970 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 80% (1998 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.42% (2002 est.) 0.74% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc Saint John's
Radio broadcast stations AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999) AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 415,000 (1997) 36,000 (1997)
Railways total: 40 km


narrow gauge: 40 km 0.760-m gauge; single-track


note: privately owned industrial line; closed in early 1990s (2001 est.)
total:
77 km

narrow gauge:
64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost exclusively for handling sugarcane)
Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982)


note: roughly half of the population also practices Voodoo
Anglican (predominant), other Protestant, some Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better


domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
good automatic telephone system

international:
1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
Telephones - main lines in use 60,000 (1997) 28,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1995) 1,300 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997) 2 (1997)
Terrain mostly rough and mountainous mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
Total fertility rate 4.3 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2001) (2001) 7% (1999 est.)
Waterways NEGL; less than 100 km navigable none
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